{"id":5178,"date":"2022-03-01T15:16:44","date_gmt":"2022-03-01T14:16:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/?p=5178"},"modified":"2026-01-05T15:51:55","modified_gmt":"2026-01-05T14:51:55","slug":"jak-roztit-gordicky-uzel-aneb-o-principialni-prelozitelnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/jak-roztit-gordicky-uzel-aneb-o-principialni-prelozitelnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak rozt\u00edt gordick\u00fd uzel aneb O principi\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159elo\u017eitelnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5178\" class=\"elementor elementor-5178\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25b8b8dd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"25b8b8dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7df53bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7df53bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1c3dcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a1c3dcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jak rozt\u00edt gordick\u00fd uzel aneb O principi\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159elo\u017eitelnosti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b175cb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b175cb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>Teze\u00a0<em>principi\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159elo\u017eitelnosti<\/em>\u00a0se nab\u00edz\u00ed jako nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kladna transla\u010dn\u00edho procesu, nebo\u0165 postul\u00e1t nep\u0159elo\u017eitelnosti by pop\u00edral mo\u017enost vzniku p\u0159ekladu, zat\u00edmco teze absolutn\u00ed p\u0159elo\u017eitelnosti by zkreslila krit\u00e9ria a\u00a0v podstat\u011b znemo\u017enila tvorbu funk\u010dn\u011b p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho transl\u00e1tu i\u00a0po\u017eadavek maxim\u00e1ln\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9 objektivity hodnocen\u00ed p\u0159ekladu. P\u0159ekladatel vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z\u00a0p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed o\u00a0principi\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159elo\u017eitelnosti ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u2013 neliter\u00e1rn\u00edho i\u00a0liter\u00e1rn\u00edho \u2013 textu p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee c\u00edlov\u00fd text je jako celek schopen vyhov\u011bt po\u017eadavku adekv\u00e1tn\u00edho p\u0159ekladu, i\u00a0kdy\u017e ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti a\u00a0segmenty v\u00fdchoz\u00edho textu, nap\u0159. n\u011bkter\u00e1 jednotliv\u00e1 slova, slovn\u00ed h\u0159\u00ed\u010dky apod. z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed &#8222;nep\u0159elo\u017eiteln\u00e9&#8220;. Na p\u0159ekladatelov\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed pak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, jak\u00fd p\u0159ekladatelsk\u00fd postup zvol\u00ed a\u00a0jak dok\u00e1\u017ee takov\u00e9 pas\u00e1\u017ee kompenzovat, aby zachoval vztah ekvivalence a\u00a0adekv\u00e1tnosti na \u00farovni v\u00fdchoz\u00edho a\u00a0c\u00edlov\u00e9ho textu.<\/p>\n\n<p>K dosa\u017een\u00ed denotativn\u00ed i\u00a0konotativn\u00ed ekvivalence, to znamen\u00e1 z\u00e1rove\u0148 i\u00a0k mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159elo\u017eitelnosti text\u016f v\u00a0obou t\u011bchto dimenz\u00edch, m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ekladateli dopomoci tak\u00e9 metakomunikativn\u00ed funkce jazyka. V\u00a0p\u0159ekladech b\u00fdv\u00e1 aplikov\u00e1na v\u00a0podob\u011b komentuj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159ekladatelsk\u00fdch metod vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch cel\u00e9ho arzen\u00e1lu r\u016fzn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f, jako jsou pozn\u00e1mky pod \u010darou \u010di na konci textu, p\u0159edmluvy, doslovy a\u00a0pozn\u00e1mky p\u0159ekladatele, vnit\u0159n\u00ed vysv\u011btlivky, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jin\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby explikace.<\/p>\n\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdchoz\u00edho textu formuluje translatolog van den Broeck[1] dva tzv. z\u00e1kony p\u0159elo\u017eitelnosti:<\/p>\n\n<p>Stupe\u0148 p\u0159elo\u017eitelnosti z\u00e1vis\u00ed na objemu textov\u00e9ho segmentu pova\u017eovan\u00e9ho za p\u0159ekladovou jednotku. Cel\u00fd text jako p\u0159ekladov\u00e1 jednotka je sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159elo\u017eiteln\u00fd ne\u017e d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed textov\u00e9 segmenty jako slovo, slovn\u00ed spojen\u00ed, nebo v\u011bta, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt, pracuje-li se s\u00a0nimi odd\u011blen\u011b, nep\u0159elo\u017eiteln\u00e9. Je-li mezi v\u00fdchoz\u00edm a\u00a0c\u00edlov\u00fdm textem vztah pragmatick\u00e9 ekvivalence, neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee je tento vztah i\u00a0mezi jejich d\u00edl\u010d\u00edmi prvky.<\/p>\n\n<p>Obt\u00ed\u017enost p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed je t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou informace dan\u00e9 v\u00a0textu. Smysl a\u00a0styl jsou integr\u00e1ln\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed textu a\u00a0mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u00a0nezm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b obsa\u017eeny i\u00a0v\u00a0p\u0159ekladu. P\u0159elo\u017eitelnost zde dosp\u00edv\u00e1 ke sv\u00fdm hranic\u00edm, nebo\u0165 je podstatn\u011b snaz\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e9st ka\u017edou informaci v\u00fdchoz\u00edho textu jednotliv\u011b a\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00a0\u00faplnosti do textu c\u00edlov\u00e9ho, ne\u017e reprodukovat hustotu a\u00a0komplexnost cel\u00e9ho v\u00fdchoz\u00edho textu v\u00a0p\u0159ekladu.<\/p>\n\n<p>V t\u00e9to souvislosti je na m\u00edst\u011b p\u0159ipomenout pojem p\u0159ekladov\u00e1 jednotka a\u00a0z nab\u00eddky \u0159ady definic se zm\u00ednit o\u00a0t\u00e9, kter\u00e1 vymezen\u00ed p\u0159ekladov\u00e9 jednotky nestav\u00ed pouze na v\u00fdchoz\u00edm jazyce, n\u00fdbr\u017e bere v\u00a0\u00favahu skute\u010dnost, \u017ee c\u00edlov\u00fd jazyk \u010dlen\u00ed smyslov\u00e9 jednotky jinak[2]. Za p\u0159ekladovou jednotku je pak pova\u017eov\u00e1n nejmen\u0161\u00ed segment v\u00fdchoz\u00edho textu, k\u00a0n\u011bmu\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt na z\u00e1klad\u011b ekvivalen\u010dn\u00edch vztah\u016f p\u0159i\u0159azen segment c\u00edlov\u00e9ho textu tak, aby byly spln\u011bny podm\u00ednky invariantnosti na obsahov\u00e9 rovin\u011b. Proto je to veli\u010dina dynamick\u00e1, variabiln\u00ed a\u00a0op\u011bt zde z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na p\u0159ekladatelov\u011b kompetenci a\u00a0jeho znalosti c\u00edlov\u00e9 kultury a\u00a0jej\u00edch tradic.<\/p>\n\n<p><em>[1] van den Broeck, Raymond, The Concept of Equivalence in Translation Theory: Some Critical Reflections, in: Literature and Translation: New Perspectives in Literary Studies, ed. J.S. Holmes et. al., Leuven 1978<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p><em>[2] Kade, Otto, Zufall und Gesetzm\u00e4\u00dfigkeit in der \u00dcbersetzung, in: Beihefte zur Zeitschrift Fremdsprachen I, Leipzig 1968<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jak rozt\u00edt gordick\u00fd uzel aneb O principi\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159elo\u017eitelnosti Teze\u00a0principi\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159elo\u017eitelnosti\u00a0se nab\u00edz\u00ed jako nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kladna transla\u010dn\u00edho procesu, nebo\u0165 postul\u00e1t nep\u0159elo\u017eitelnosti by pop\u00edral mo\u017enost vzniku p\u0159ekladu, zat\u00edmco teze absolutn\u00ed p\u0159elo\u017eitelnosti by zkreslila krit\u00e9ria a\u00a0v podstat\u011b znemo\u017enila tvorbu funk\u010dn\u011b p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho transl\u00e1tu i\u00a0po\u017eadavek maxim\u00e1ln\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9 objektivity hodnocen\u00ed p\u0159ekladu. P\u0159ekladatel vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z\u00a0p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed o\u00a0principi\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159elo\u017eitelnosti ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u2013 neliter\u00e1rn\u00edho i\u00a0liter\u00e1rn\u00edho \u2013 textu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5178"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6989,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5178\/revisions\/6989"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}