{"id":5159,"date":"2022-01-31T15:07:59","date_gmt":"2022-01-31T14:07:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/?p=5159"},"modified":"2026-01-05T16:00:14","modified_gmt":"2026-01-05T15:00:14","slug":"jako-rovny-s-rovnym-aneb-adekvatnost-a-ekvivalence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/jako-rovny-s-rovnym-aneb-adekvatnost-a-ekvivalence\/","title":{"rendered":"Jako rovn\u00fd s rovn\u00fdm aneb Adekv\u00e1tnost a ekvivalence"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5159\" class=\"elementor elementor-5159\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d294b3f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d294b3f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac76efa elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ac76efa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49ffba6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"49ffba6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jako rovn\u00fd s rovn\u00fdm aneb Adekv\u00e1tnost a ekvivalence<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eb29d8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5eb29d8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>Pojmy adekv\u00e1tnost a ekvivalence pat\u0159\u00ed v translatologick\u00fdch teori\u00edch u\u017e od minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed k\u00a0<strong>\u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm t\u00e9mat\u016fm, je\u017e jsou neust\u00e1le rozv\u00edjena<\/strong>. Diskuse se v\u0161ak mus\u00ed op\u00edrat o pojmy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vymezen\u00fd obsah. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed text je m\u00edn\u011bn jako p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed takov\u00e9 terminologick\u00e9 platformy.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adekv\u00e1tnost p\u0159ekladu<\/h3>\n\n<p>Adekv\u00e1tnost znamen\u00e1 v podstat\u011b\u00a0<strong>p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enost<\/strong>. To je veli\u010dina, kter\u00e1 nem\u016f\u017ee existovat sama o sob\u011b, n\u00fdbr\u017e mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ve vztahu k n\u011bjak\u00e9mu jedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di objektu. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee cel\u00fd proces p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed je ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n faktorem \u00fa\u010delu, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt jednotliv\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed tomuto \u00fa\u010delu p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<p>Adekv\u00e1tnost je tedy &#8222;relace mezi prost\u0159edkem a \u00fa\u010delem a je proto orientovan\u00e1 procesu\u00e1ln\u011b&#8220;[1], znamen\u00e1 v\u00fdb\u011br jazykov\u00fdch znak\u016f, kter\u00fd\u00a0<strong>sleduje stanoven\u00fd c\u00edl s ohledem na \u00fa\u010del p\u0159ekladu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ekvivalence p\u0159ekladu<\/h3>\n\n<p>Ekvivalence, tedy\u00a0<strong>rovnocennost<\/strong>, je vztah mezi dv\u011bma produkty, v\u00fdchoz\u00edm textem a c\u00edlov\u00fdm textem. Nutnost odd\u011blovat oba pojmy je d\u00e1na t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159eklady mohou slou\u017eit r\u016fzn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm \u2013 a dokonce i jin\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm ne\u017e v\u00fdchoz\u00ed text. \u00da\u010del ovliv\u0148uje volbu p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 stylov\u00e9 roviny, volbu lexik\u00e1ln\u00edch a dal\u0161\u00edch jazykov\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f, obrac\u00ed pozornost na jazykov\u00fd makrokontext, vnit\u0159n\u00ed a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed situa\u010dn\u00ed kontext a sociokulturn\u00ed, historick\u00e9 zakotven\u00ed textu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ekvivalenci lze na r\u016fzn\u00fdch rovin\u00e1ch popsat a je mo\u017en\u00e9\u00a0<strong>posoudit i m\u00edru ekvivalence<\/strong>, jak\u00e9 se p\u0159ekladateli poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout. Z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi vod\u00edtky jsou zde princip selekce, kterou p\u0159ekladatel prov\u00e1d\u00ed, kdy\u017e v r\u00e1mci anal\u00fdzy a interpretace v\u00fdchoz\u00edho textu vyb\u00edr\u00e1 prvky a fenom\u00e9ny, od nich\u017e se m\u00e1 ekvivalen\u010dn\u00ed vztah odv\u00edjet, a princip hierarchizace, kter\u00fd se t\u00fdk\u00e1 stanoven\u00ed po\u0159ad\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f vztahuj\u00edc\u00edch se k ekvivalenci jednotliv\u00fdch textov\u00fdch segment\u016f, jestli\u017ee v c\u00edlov\u00e9m jazyce nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 zachovat ekvivalenci v\u0161ech textov\u00fdch prvk\u016f[2]. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm krit\u00e9riem je v takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech\u00a0<strong>funkce ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jednotliv\u00e9ho textov\u00e9ho prvku<\/strong>\u00a0a jeho p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek ke konstituov\u00e1n\u00ed smyslu cel\u00e9ho textu. Jako ekvivalentn\u00ed lze v c\u00edlov\u00e9m textu zhodnotit takov\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 znaky, kter\u00e9 jsou schopny \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i p\u0159ekladu poskytnout analogick\u00e9 pozn\u00e1vac\u00ed a orienta\u010dn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly pro recepci textu.<\/p>\n\n<p>V podstat\u011b ekvivalence vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 jednak ze vztahu jazykov\u00fdch znak\u016f mezi sebou, d\u00e1le ze vztahu mezi znakem a t\u00edm, co ozna\u010duje, a nakonec ze vztahu mezi znakem a jeho u\u017eivateli. Je tedy mo\u017en\u00e9 ozna\u010dit ji jako s\u00e9miotickou kategorii[3], v n\u00ed\u017e jsou obsa\u017eeny\u00a0<strong>aspekty syntaktick\u00e9, s\u00e9mantick\u00e9 a pragmatick\u00e9<\/strong>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hierarchicky nejv\u00fd\u0161e stoj\u00ed fenom\u00e9n pragmatick\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Typy ekvivalence v p\u0159ekladatelstv\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n<p>Podle n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho translatologa Breunera[4] lze v\u011bt\u0161inu typ\u016f ekvivalence za\u0159adit do jedn\u00e9 ze\u00a0<strong>t\u0159\u00ed pojmov\u00fdch kategori\u00ed<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n<p>Po\u017eadavek\u00a0<strong>ekvivalence intenc\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0je orientovan\u00fd na autora textu. Jeho intence m\u00e1 b\u00fdt v\u016fd\u010d\u00ed lini\u00ed p\u0159ekladu. V p\u0159ekladu je t\u0159eba db\u00e1t na to, aby komunikativn\u00ed funkce v\u00fdroku ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm jazyce nebyla v c\u00edlov\u00e9m jazyce reprodukov\u00e1na zkreslen\u011b, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b nespr\u00e1vn\u011b. Av\u0161ak v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku by ji mohl posoudit pouze autor origin\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Po\u017eadavek\u00a0<strong>ekvivalence \u00fa\u010dinku<\/strong>\u00a0se orientuje na \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e. Z\u00e1kladem zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed je text. Od p\u0159ekladu v\u0161ak nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 po\u017eadovat, aby m\u011bl na \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e c\u00edlov\u00e9 kultury identick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek jako origin\u00e1l na \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e v\u00fdchoz\u00ed kultury. Sp\u00ed\u0161e by m\u011bl \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i otev\u0159\u00edt relevantn\u00ed mo\u017enosti recepce.<\/p>\n\n<p>Z jin\u00fdch ko\u0159en\u016f vyr\u016fst\u00e1 po\u017eadavek\u00a0<strong>ekvivalence funk\u010dn\u00ed<\/strong>. V konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch textech p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u017edy jen n\u011bkter\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 funkce a obecn\u011b se pak hovo\u0159\u00ed o textov\u00fdch funkc\u00edch. Tyto identifikovan\u00e9 textov\u00e9 funkce by m\u011bly z\u016fstat v p\u0159ekladu zachov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<p>[1] Rei\u00df, Katharina, Adequacy and Equivalence in Translation, in: The Bible Translator 3, 1983<br \/>[2] dtto<br \/>[3] van den Broeck, Raymond, &#8222;The Concept of Equivalence in Translation Theory: Some Critical Reflections&#8220;, in: Literature and Translation: New Perspectives in Literary Studies, ed. J.S. Holmes et. al., Leuven 1978<br \/>[4] Breuner, Michael, Konzepte und Probleme der \u00dcbersetzungskritik literarischer Werke, Duisburg 1986<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jako rovn\u00fd s rovn\u00fdm aneb Adekv\u00e1tnost a ekvivalence Pojmy adekv\u00e1tnost a ekvivalence pat\u0159\u00ed v translatologick\u00fdch teori\u00edch u\u017e od minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed k\u00a0\u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm t\u00e9mat\u016fm, je\u017e jsou neust\u00e1le rozv\u00edjena. Diskuse se v\u0161ak mus\u00ed op\u00edrat o pojmy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vymezen\u00fd obsah. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed text je m\u00edn\u011bn jako p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed takov\u00e9 terminologick\u00e9 platformy. Adekv\u00e1tnost p\u0159ekladu Adekv\u00e1tnost znamen\u00e1 v podstat\u011b\u00a0p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enost. To [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5159"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5159\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6997,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5159\/revisions\/6997"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}