{"id":5139,"date":"2022-01-31T14:59:30","date_gmt":"2022-01-31T13:59:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/?p=5139"},"modified":"2026-01-05T15:54:41","modified_gmt":"2026-01-05T14:54:41","slug":"jiny-kraj-jiny-mrav-aneb-preklad-jako-mezikulturni-transfer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/jiny-kraj-jiny-mrav-aneb-preklad-jako-mezikulturni-transfer\/","title":{"rendered":"Jin\u00fd kraj jin\u00fd mrav aneb P\u0159eklad jako mezikulturn\u00ed transfer"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5139\" class=\"elementor elementor-5139\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f86e004 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7f86e004\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1156cc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1156cc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a10b043 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a10b043\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jin\u00fd kraj jin\u00fd mrav aneb P\u0159eklad jako mezikulturn\u00ed transfer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7380409f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7380409f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>\u0160irok\u00e1 nab\u00eddka modifikac\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed teorie p\u0159ekladu vych\u00e1z\u00ed z jednotn\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny poj\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159eklad jako jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ekra\u010duje pouhou v\u00fdm\u011bnu jazykov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu a zd\u016fraz\u0148uje jeho\u00a0<strong>kulturn\u00ed rozm\u011br a kulturn\u00ed kontextovost<\/strong>. Z tohoto pohledu je p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed bikulturn\u00edm jevem, jeho\u017e p\u0159edpokladem je\u00a0<strong>obs\u00e1hl\u00e1 znalost v\u00fdchoz\u00ed i c\u00edlov\u00e9 kultury<\/strong>, tedy mezikulturn\u00ed komunikace, kter\u00e1 se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v rovin\u011b rozum\u011bn\u00ed nejen v\u00fdznamu, ale i smyslu textu.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak pracovat s kulturn\u00edmi rozd\u00edly v p\u0159ekladatelstv\u00ed?<\/h3>\n\n<p>Definice pojmu kultura by vydaly na samostatnou knihu \u00factyhodn\u00e9ho rozsahu, omez\u00edm se tedy jen na parafr\u00e1zi jedn\u00e9 za v\u0161echny, kter\u00e1 je pro p\u0159ekladatelskou pr\u00e1ci relevantn\u00ed: Ka\u017ed\u00e1 zem\u011b a ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1rod maj\u00ed svou kulturu, sd\u00edlej\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed hodnoty ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 rodinou, vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm, histori\u00ed, legislativou, ekonomikou, geografi\u00ed, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edm, politickou situac\u00ed, zvyklostmi. Kultura je\u00a0<strong>souhrn znalost\u00ed, p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, zvyk\u016f, hodnot a dal\u0161\u00edch vzor\u016f chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 sd\u00edlej\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Je to syst\u00e9m verb\u00e1ln\u00edch a neverb\u00e1ln\u00edch symbol\u016f hodnot spole\u010dn\u00fdch z\u00e1stupc\u016fm ur\u010dit\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Kulturn\u00ed rozd\u00edly mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi jsou jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f p\u0159i p\u0159ekladu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Z pot\u0159eby p\u0159ekonat, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u011bdom\u011b ponechat, v p\u0159ekladu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010di men\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edly mezi kulturami aktivizuj\u00ed p\u0159ekladatel\u00e9 sv\u00e9 teoretick\u00e9 i konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed znalosti v\u00fdchoz\u00ed i c\u00edlov\u00e9 kultury a na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy a interpretace v\u00fdchoz\u00edho textu a stanoven\u00ed c\u00edle, \u00fa\u010delu (skoposu) c\u00edlov\u00e9ho textu formuluj\u00ed\u00a0<strong>strategii p\u0159ekladatelsk\u00e9ho procesu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Souvislosti v\u00fdchoz\u00ed a c\u00edlov\u00e9 kultury v p\u0159ekladu<\/h3>\n\n<p>V reflex\u00edch kultury je nezbytn\u00e9\u00a0<strong>uv\u011bdomit si celou \u0161\u00ed\u0159i kulturn\u00ed problematiky<\/strong>, teprve potom s ohledem na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed text zvolit relevantn\u00ed kulturn\u00ed rysy a fenom\u00e9ny, promyslet metodu a p\u0159ekladatelsk\u00e9 postupy, jak\u00fdch bude v p\u0159ekladu pou\u017eito. Nelze tedy ot\u00e1zky mezikulturn\u00edho transferu zu\u017eovat nap\u0159\u00edklad na jazykov\u00e9 konvence \u010di konvence textov\u00fdch druh\u016f, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b na znalost re\u00e1li\u00ed v ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti. To jsou pouze jednotliv\u00e9 prvky kulturn\u00edho pozad\u00ed textu, kter\u00e9 sice m\u016f\u017eeme \u00fa\u010delov\u011b a na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy a interpretace origin\u00e1lu vybrat jako op\u011brn\u00e9 body fundovan\u00e9 strategie p\u0159ekladu, ale jen s v\u011bdom\u00edm, \u017ee rovina kultury v textu je podstatn\u011b \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed. Je t\u0159eba zn\u00e1t kulturn\u00ed normy, normy jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, specifick\u00e9 realizace mluvn\u00edch akt\u016f, standardn\u00ed kulturn\u00ed formy, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikovat a realizovat odchylky v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm textu.<\/p>\n\n<p>P\u0159ekladatel pochop\u00ed v\u00fdznam a smysl origin\u00e1lu v souvislostech v\u00fdchoz\u00ed kultury a vlo\u017e\u00ed ho do p\u0159ekladu za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00e9ho do\u00a0<strong>souvislost\u00ed c\u00edlov\u00e9 kultury<\/strong>. P\u0159itom se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed zak\u00e1zkou od zadavatele. K etice p\u0159ekladatele v\u0161ak pat\u0159\u00ed nevkl\u00e1dat do p\u0159ekladu smysl, kter\u00fd ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm textu nen\u00ed, \u010di dokonce jde proti smyslu p\u016fvodn\u00edho sd\u011blen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p>Jinou oblast znalost\u00ed kultury mus\u00edme aktivovat p\u0159i p\u0159ekladu reklam, jinou p\u0159i p\u0159ekladu pr\u00e1vn\u00edch a obchodn\u00edch smluv, formalizovan\u00fdch text\u016f, jak\u00fdmi jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad svatebn\u00ed \u010di \u00famrtn\u00ed ozn\u00e1men\u00ed, jinou p\u0159i p\u0159ekladu nap\u0159\u00edklad turistick\u00fdch prospekt\u016f a j\u00eddeln\u00edch l\u00edstk\u016f, odli\u0161nou zase p\u0159i p\u0159ekladu publicistick\u00fdch text\u016f, politick\u00fdch koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f, esej\u016f, a \u00fapln\u011b jinou zase p\u0159i p\u0159ekladu liter\u00e1rn\u00edch text\u016f, kde jsou pot\u0159eby velmi diferencovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jin\u00fd kraj jin\u00fd mrav aneb P\u0159eklad jako mezikulturn\u00ed transfer \u0160irok\u00e1 nab\u00eddka modifikac\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed teorie p\u0159ekladu vych\u00e1z\u00ed z jednotn\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny poj\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159eklad jako jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ekra\u010duje pouhou v\u00fdm\u011bnu jazykov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu a zd\u016fraz\u0148uje jeho\u00a0kulturn\u00ed rozm\u011br a kulturn\u00ed kontextovost. Z tohoto pohledu je p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed bikulturn\u00edm jevem, jeho\u017e p\u0159edpokladem je\u00a0obs\u00e1hl\u00e1 znalost v\u00fdchoz\u00ed i c\u00edlov\u00e9 kultury, tedy mezikulturn\u00ed komunikace, kter\u00e1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5139"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5139\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5146,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5139\/revisions\/5146"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}