{"id":5131,"date":"2021-10-31T14:57:34","date_gmt":"2021-10-31T13:57:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/?p=5131"},"modified":"2026-01-05T15:54:58","modified_gmt":"2026-01-05T14:54:58","slug":"premozitele-babylonu-aneb-preklad-jako-komunikacni-proces","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/premozitele-babylonu-aneb-preklad-jako-komunikacni-proces\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159emo\u017eitel\u00e9 Babylonu aneb P\u0159eklad jako komunika\u010dn\u00ed proces"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5131\" class=\"elementor elementor-5131\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ac7e039 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4ac7e039\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c088047 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c088047\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71f5221 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"71f5221\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159emo\u017eitel\u00e9 Babylonu aneb P\u0159eklad jako komunika\u010dn\u00ed proces<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-779c635b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"779c635b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>P\u0159eklad je dnes charakterizov\u00e1n v\u011bt\u0161inou jako\u00a0<strong>reproduk\u010dn\u011b modifika\u010dn\u00ed akt<\/strong>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e modifikace p\u0159edstavuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 posuny vyvolan\u00e9 p\u0159echodem origin\u00e1lu do jin\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00ed situace. Podstatou je mezijazykov\u00fd a mezikulturn\u00ed p\u0159evod, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 opomenout relevantn\u00ed vnitrotextov\u00e1 a vn\u011btextov\u00e1 hlediska. K tomu p\u0159istupuj\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u011bhistorick\u00e1 podm\u00edn\u011bnost p\u0159ekladu a p\u0159ekladatelsk\u00e9 konvence jako faktory prom\u011b\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed se v z\u00e1vislosti na dobov\u00fdch a m\u00edstn\u00edch okolnostech.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prom\u011bnlivost p\u0159ekladatelsk\u00fdch metod<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>P\u0159ibli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed se origin\u00e1lu nebo oddalov\u00e1n\u00ed se od n\u011bj<\/strong>\u00a0jsou dv\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mo\u017enosti, s nimi\u017e p\u0159ekladatel pracuje. Jedin\u00fd spr\u00e1vn\u00fd, &#8222;absolutn\u00ed&#8220;, p\u0159eklad neexistuje, r\u016fzn\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o existenci invariantn\u00ed slo\u017eky origin\u00e1lu a jsou v\u00fdsledkem prom\u011bnlivosti p\u0159ekladatelsk\u00fdch metod a po\u017eadavk\u016f p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch epoch. V tomto smyslu je pak p\u0159eklad ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako varianta v pom\u011bru k invariantu, tedy origin\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Autor se textem obrac\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edjemce p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho jazyka sv\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho spole\u010denstv\u00ed, origin\u00e1l tedy funguje v jeho komunika\u010dn\u00edch souvislostech. V\u00fdchoz\u00edm textem se st\u00e1v\u00e1 a\u017e v kontextu p\u0159ekladu, v\u00fdjimkou jsou texty psan\u00e9 pro p\u0159\u00edjemce jin\u00e9ho jazykov\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee\u00a0<strong>text je p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n na pozad\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch norem<\/strong>\u00a0tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch horizont o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Texty r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1nr\u016f jsou r\u016fznou m\u011brou nastaveny na normy \u010dten\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Ale tyto normy o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nejsou identick\u00e9 ani u v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016f jednoho jazyka, proto se\u00a0<strong>porozum\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdznamu a smyslu textu li\u0161\u00ed i v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 a kulturn\u00ed komunity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kontext p\u0159\u00edjemce p\u0159ekladu<\/h3>\n\n<p>Pro situaci v p\u0159ekladatelsk\u00e9m procesu je charakteristick\u00e9, \u017ee se podm\u00ednky p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016f textu v c\u00edlov\u00e9m jazyce li\u0161\u00ed od podm\u00ednek p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016f textu ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm jazyce.<\/p>\n\n<p>P\u0159eklad p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed nejen do odli\u0161n\u00e9ho jazykov\u00e9ho kontextu, ale stoj\u00ed i v jin\u00e9m textov\u00e9m univerzu ne\u017e v\u00fdchoz\u00ed text,\u00a0<strong>je recipov\u00e1n v jin\u00e9 sociokulturn\u00ed situaci<\/strong>. Z toho vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 obecn\u00e9 i individu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady rozum\u011bn\u00ed textu a nutnost nap\u0159\u00edklad explicitn\u011b uv\u00e9st skute\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm textu p\u0159\u00edmo vyj\u00e1d\u0159eny, proto\u017ee pat\u0159\u00ed k samoz\u0159ejmostem \u017eivotn\u00ed praxe v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9m komunika\u010dn\u00edm kontextu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Asociace, kter\u00e9 text ve v\u00fdchoz\u00ed kultu\u0159e vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1, se mohou v p\u0159ekladu ztratit, proto\u017ee v c\u00edlov\u00e9 kultu\u0159e pro n\u011b nejsou d\u00e1ny\u00a0<strong>asocia\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady<\/strong>. P\u0159ekladatel, kter\u00fd je p\u0159\u00edjemcem v\u00fdchoz\u00edho textu, proto mus\u00ed b\u00fdt z\u00e1rove\u0148 i p\u0159\u00edjemcem c\u00edlov\u00e9 kultury, aby mohl splnit sv\u016fj \u00fakol, to jest sehr\u00e1t roli\u00a0<strong>zprost\u0159edkovatele mezi autorem origin\u00e1lu a \u010dten\u00e1\u0159em p\u0159ekladu<\/strong>. Funk\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k p\u0159ekladu m\u00e1 k dispozici metody a postupy, s jejich\u017e pomoc\u00ed lze vytvo\u0159it p\u0159eklad na r\u016fzn\u00fdch stupn\u00edch adekv\u00e1tnosti a rovin\u00e1ch ekvivalence.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159emo\u017eitel\u00e9 Babylonu aneb P\u0159eklad jako komunika\u010dn\u00ed proces P\u0159eklad je dnes charakterizov\u00e1n v\u011bt\u0161inou jako\u00a0reproduk\u010dn\u011b modifika\u010dn\u00ed akt, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e modifikace p\u0159edstavuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 posuny vyvolan\u00e9 p\u0159echodem origin\u00e1lu do jin\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00ed situace. Podstatou je mezijazykov\u00fd a mezikulturn\u00ed p\u0159evod, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 opomenout relevantn\u00ed vnitrotextov\u00e1 a vn\u011btextov\u00e1 hlediska. K tomu p\u0159istupuj\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u011bhistorick\u00e1 podm\u00edn\u011bnost p\u0159ekladu a p\u0159ekladatelsk\u00e9 konvence jako faktory prom\u011b\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5131"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5131\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5138,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5131\/revisions\/5138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}