{"id":5115,"date":"2021-05-30T14:51:59","date_gmt":"2021-05-30T12:51:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/?p=5115"},"modified":"2026-01-05T15:55:39","modified_gmt":"2026-01-05T14:55:39","slug":"nic-neni-tak-jednoduche-aneb-jeste-jednou-o-ekvivalenci-v-prekladu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/nic-neni-tak-jednoduche-aneb-jeste-jednou-o-ekvivalenci-v-prekladu\/","title":{"rendered":"Nic nen\u00ed tak jednoduch\u00e9\u2026 aneb Je\u0161t\u011b jednou o ekvivalenci v p\u0159ekladu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5115\" class=\"elementor elementor-5115\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73f4cccf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"73f4cccf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3105492 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3105492\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-816a3d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"816a3d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nic nen\u00ed tak jednoduch\u00e9\u2026 aneb Je\u0161t\u011b jednou o ekvivalenci v p\u0159ekladu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51ea1e1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"51ea1e1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>Po\u017eadavek, \u017ee p\u0159eklad m\u00e1 b\u00fdt ekvivalentn\u00ed k origin\u00e1lu, je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nep\u0159esn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n<p>Norsk\u00fd translatolog Koller[1] vych\u00e1z\u00ed z teze, \u017ee pojmy ekvivalence, rovnocennost, nevypov\u00eddaj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b nic konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho o druhu vztahu mezi dv\u011bma texty. Ten mus\u00ed b\u00fdt teprve definov\u00e1n. Je ur\u010dov\u00e1n a\u017e vymezen\u00edm r\u00e1mce a podm\u00ednek, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ekvivalen\u010dn\u00ed vztah mezi konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm v\u00fdchoz\u00edm a c\u00edlov\u00fdm textem vznik\u00e1, jestli\u017ee c\u00edlov\u00fd text spl\u0148uje stanoven\u00e9 podm\u00ednky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se\u00a0<strong>obsahu, formy, funkce, stylu atd<\/strong>. Na tomto z\u00e1klad\u011b Koller prezentuje p\u011bt referen\u010dn\u00edch r\u00e1mc\u016f:<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mimojazykov\u00e1 skute\u010dnost<\/strong>\u00a0zprost\u0159edkovan\u00e1 v textu je prostor pro denotativn\u00ed ekvivalenci neboli obsahov\u00fd invariant. Tato perspektiva se soust\u0159e\u010fuje na lexik\u00e1ln\u00ed str\u00e1nku, nebo\u0165 v n\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt jazyky nejproduktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, aby dok\u00e1zaly vyhov\u011bt prom\u011bnliv\u00fdm n\u00e1rok\u016fm komunikace.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Konotace zprost\u0159edkovan\u00e9 v textu<\/strong>\u00a0zp\u016fsobem verbalizace, tzv. konotativn\u00ed ekvivalence, je n\u011bkdy naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 tak\u00e9 stylistick\u00e1 ekvivalence. Vztahuje se na stylovou vrstvu, na sociolekt, geografick\u00fd a historick\u00fd rozm\u011br, frekvenci jednotliv\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f a jejich u\u017eit\u00ed, na jejich axiologick\u00fd aspekt.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Textov\u00e9 a jazykov\u00e9 normy<\/strong>\u00a0ur\u010duj\u00ed ekvivalenci textov\u011b normativn\u00ed, ekvivalen\u010dn\u00ed vztah v oblasti speci\u00e1ln\u00edch textov\u00fdch druh\u016f, v nich\u017e se v\u00fdb\u011br a pou\u017eit\u00ed jazykov\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f v lexik\u00e1ln\u00ed a syntaktick\u00e9 oblasti \u0159\u00edd\u00ed stanoven\u00fdmi jazykov\u00fdmi normami.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>P\u0159\u00edjemce, \u010dten\u00e1\u0159<\/strong>, kter\u00fd je adres\u00e1tem p\u0159ekladu a na n\u011bho\u017e se p\u0159eklad &#8222;vyla\u010fuje&#8220;, \u0159\u00edd\u00ed ekvivalenci pragmatickou, setk\u00e1v\u00e1me se i s ozna\u010den\u00edm komunikativn\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Form\u00e1ln\u011b estetick\u00e9, individu\u00e1ln\u011b stylistick\u00e9 vlastnosti<\/strong>\u00a0p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 v textu jsou z\u00e1kladem ekvivalen\u010dn\u00edho vztahu form\u00e1ln\u00ed ekvivalence, v liter\u00e1rn\u00edm p\u0159ekladu nazvan\u00e9ho term\u00ednem expresivn\u00ed ekvivalence. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed form\u00e1ln\u00ed ekvivalence v c\u00edlov\u00e9m textu by tedy znamenalo analogii ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed, o kterou by m\u011bl p\u0159ekladatel usilovat, p\u0159itom vyu\u017e\u00edt existuj\u00edc\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed v c\u00edlov\u00e9m jazyce a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b vytvo\u0159it nov\u00e9 tvarov\u00e9 formy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>O tom, zda lze ekvivalen\u010dn\u00ed vztahy v\u016fbec vytvo\u0159it, se \u010dasto a mnoho diskutuje. Proti sob\u011b tu stoj\u00ed\u00a0<strong>axiom kulturn\u00ed odli\u0161nosti a axiom vyj\u00e1d\u0159itelnosti<\/strong>. Mezi nimi se rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 pestr\u00e1 paleta teori\u00ed a perspektiv usiluj\u00edc\u00edch o explicitn\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed mnohotv\u00e1rnosti jazykov\u00fdch jev\u016f p\u0159i jejich transformaci z v\u00fdchoz\u00edho do c\u00edlov\u00e9ho jazyka.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<p>[1] Koller, Werner, Einf\u00fchrung in die \u00dcbersetzungswissenschaft, Heidelberg 1979<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nic nen\u00ed tak jednoduch\u00e9\u2026 aneb Je\u0161t\u011b jednou o ekvivalenci v p\u0159ekladu Po\u017eadavek, \u017ee p\u0159eklad m\u00e1 b\u00fdt ekvivalentn\u00ed k origin\u00e1lu, je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nep\u0159esn\u00fd. Norsk\u00fd translatolog Koller[1] vych\u00e1z\u00ed z teze, \u017ee pojmy ekvivalence, rovnocennost, nevypov\u00eddaj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b nic konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho o druhu vztahu mezi dv\u011bma texty. Ten mus\u00ed b\u00fdt teprve definov\u00e1n. Je ur\u010dov\u00e1n a\u017e vymezen\u00edm r\u00e1mce a podm\u00ednek, to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5115","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5115"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5115\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6992,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5115\/revisions\/6992"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5115"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5115"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nove.ilts.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}